Search: iam — Cyber Encyclopedia

166 terms · 75/46/45

60 rezultata za „iam" · 8 direktnih · 52 povezanih

Pretnje

1 direktan pogodak

№ 075
Cloud IAM misconfiguration Cloud IAM misconfiguration means a user, a service account, an application or a role holds more rights than it needs. In the cloud an identity is not merely a l …
pretnja · cloud

Tehnike

1 direktan pogodak

№ 024
Cloud lateral movement In the cloud, identities can assume roles — temporarily take on another identity's rights. It's built for legitimate delegation, but it becomes lateral movement when an attacker who got one identity chains the steps: identity A can become B, B can become C with more rights, C reaches another account. No new password at each step — just inherited delegation.
tehnika · privileges

Odbrane

6 direktnih pogodaka

№ 033
CSPM CSPM continuously checks how the cloud environment is configured against good-practice and compliance rules: which buckets are public, which identities hold too many rights, where encryption is off, where logging is off. Instead of someone clicking manually through the console, the tool watches the whole account or subscription and flags when a setting drifts into danger.
odbrana · resilience
№ 013
Certificate Management Managing the lifecycle of digital certificates — issuance, renewal, revocation.
odbrana · identity / access
№ 030
Data Encryption Protecting data by encrypting it at rest and in transit.
odbrana · resilience
№ 009
Identity & Access Management IAM covers the entire user account lifecycle, from creation at onboarding through role changes to deactivation at offboarding. It includes role assignment, grou …
odbrana · identity / access
№ 010
Privileged Access Management Privileged access management controls, monitors, and records the use of accounts with elevated permissions such as administrator accounts, service accounts, and root access. These accounts are the most valuable targets for attackers as they provide broad access to critical systems.
odbrana · identity / access
№ 014
Secrets Management Applications, scripts, and services need secrets to do their work — passwords, API keys, certificates, database connection strings. The wrong place for them is code, a config file, a repository, or a chat message. Secrets management means a central, protected store (a vault) from which an application fetches a secret exactly when it needs it, instead of carrying it around in plaintext.
odbrana · identity / access

↳ Povezano

52 stavke koje koriste „iam"

№ 042
API Abuse API abuse arises when an attacker uses a programming interface in a way the application did not anticipate or did not restrict enough. An API is not merely a technical add-on to the application. It is often the main entrance to the data, the users, the orders, the payments and the administration.
pretnja · applications
№ 020
Access Token Manipulation Token abuse involves stealing or manipulating authentication tokens, session cookies, or access keys to assume the identity of a legitimate user or service. The attacker can use a token without knowing the password.
tehnika · privileges
№ 065
Accidental Data Leak An accidental data leak is not an attack in the classic sense, but the consequences can look the same. Data becomes available to the wrong people through human error, bad configuration, wrong sharing, a public repository, open cloud storage, or mail sent to the wrong address.
pretnja · trust
№ 021
Account Takeover Account takeover is the moment the attacker gains full control of an account — not only access, but the ability to change the password, the recovery mail address, the phone number and the second factor, while the real owner is shut out with no technical way back in on their own. Takeover is rarely the first stage of an attack. It is usually the destination of what came before: phishing, credential stuffing, token theft.
pretnja · identity
№ 009
AiTM AiTM sits between the user and the real service. Classic phishing steals a password; AiTM steals the live session. The victim gets a link, lands on a proxy that looks exactly like the real login (because it forwards everything to the real site), enters credentials and even the MFA code — the proxy passes them through, the real service issues a session token, and the attacker captures that token.
tehnika · initial access
№ 006
Backdoor A backdoor is a hidden way in. Once placed or opened, it lets the attacker return to the machine — with no password, no authorization and no entry in the ordinary records. A backdoor can be opened by malware while it runs, but it can equally be a user account nobody watches, or web shell access left on a server.
pretnja · malware
№ 004
Brute Force Brute force as a technique involves the systematic testing of a large number of credential combinations to gain unauthorized access. It includes classic exhaustive testing, dictionary attacks with common passwords, and password spraying.
tehnika · initial access
№ 015
Brute-force attack A brute-force attack breaks into an account by trying to log in over and over: automated tools work through password after password until one takes. It succeeds against short, weak and common passwords, and against systems that put no limit on failed attempts. It is not clever — it is only fast, and it can run for days.
pretnja · identity
№ 028
Business Email Compromise Business email compromise is not an ordinary fake email. The attacker breaks into business correspondence, or imitates it well enough that somebody in the company believes the request comes from the director, from finance, from a supplier, a lawyer or a partner. The aim is usually money, but it can also be a confidential document, a change of payment details, or an opening for the next phase of the attack.
pretnja · social eng.
№ 074
Cloud storage exposure Cloud storage exposure arises when data that ought to be private becomes publicly reachable through a bad configuration of a cloud service. That can be S3 buckets, blob storage, backups, logs, documents, images, database exports or configuration files.
pretnja · cloud
№ 026
Configuration Abuse Configuration abuse involves exploiting misconfigured systems, services, or security controls. Attackers look for default passwords, overly broad permissions, open ports, and services without authentication.
tehnika · discovery
№ 023
Container Escape Containers are meant to isolate an application from the host and from other containers. Container escape is when an attacker controlling a process inside a container breaks that isolation and reaches the host (or other containers). From an application-level foothold they get host-level reach.
tehnika · privileges
№ 063
Contractor Abuse Contractor access abuse arises when a consultant, a contractor, an external firm or a temporarily engaged person uses access more widely or for longer than the work requires. The access is often granted legitimately, but afterwards it is not monitored, not narrowed and not withdrawn in time.
pretnja · trust
№ 003
Credential Abuse Credential abuse involves using stolen, leaked, or otherwise obtained login data to gain unauthorized access to systems and services. The attacker impersonates a legitimate user.
tehnika · initial access
№ 017
Credential stuffing Credential stuffing does not go after unknown passwords; it tries known ones. With username and password pairs from databases leaked across the internet, the attacker tries the most-used services such as Facebook and Instagram, counting on people reusing the same credentials on several services — which in most cases holds.
pretnja · identity
№ 013
Cryptominer A cryptominer steals what we rarely think of as a target: our computing power and our electricity. In the background it uses our processors and graphics cards to mine cryptocurrency for the attacker while we pay the bill. It has no interest in our data, only in our resources and how much of them there is.
pretnja · malware
№ 057
DNS Poisoning DNS poisoning is an attack in which a user or a resolver is given a false answer for a domain. The result is that the user types a familiar address into the browser and DNS takes them to the wrong web server. On paper the name is the same. In reality the road leads somewhere else.
pretnja · availability
№ 031
Data Exfiltration Data exfiltration involves transferring stolen information from the compromised environment to an attacker-controlled location. Data can be sent through encrypted channels, legitimate cloud services, email, or even physical media.
tehnika · exfiltration / impact
№ 035
Deepfake Attack A deepfake attack uses an artificially generated voice, image or video so that somebody can pose as a real person. In cyber attacks this usually means the director's voice on a call, a colleague's face in a video meeting, or a recording that feels real enough for the victim to accept the request.
pretnja · social eng.
№ 029
Domain Account Discovery Mapping users, groups, permissions, and Active Directory structure.
tehnika · discovery
№ 037
Double Extortion Technique where data is first exfiltrated, then encrypted for ransom.
tehnika · exfiltration / impact
№ 068
Evil Twin A fake Wi-Fi network, known as an evil twin, imitates a legitimate wireless network so that users connect to an access point the attacker controls. The network name looks familiar, the signal can be stronger, and the device often suggests or restores the connection by itself.
pretnja · physical / IoT
№ 022
Forge Kerberos Tickets A set of techniques exploiting the Kerberos protocol in Active Directory.
tehnika · privileges
№ 058
Insider Threat An insider threat comes from a person who has, or once had, legitimate access to an organization's systems, data or premises. That can be an employee, a former employee, an administrator, an associate, a supplier or a partner. The trouble is that the access was not necessarily unauthorized to begin with.
pretnja · trust
№ 022
Kerberoasting Kerberoasting is an attack specific to Windows domain networks and Active Directory (AD). User logins are handled by the Kerberos protocol, which issues tickets as proof of identity. In a domain environment there are non-user accounts — service accounts — under which most background tasks and services run, such as databases and business applications. Service accounts are set up so that any user can request a ticket for access to a given service. The catch is that the ticket is encrypted with the service account's password.
pretnja · identity
№ 019
Lateral Movement Lateral movement involves an attacker moving from one compromised system to another within the same network. The goal is to expand access to systems containing more valuable data or enabling further escalation.
tehnika · privileges
№ 015
Living off the Land Using legitimate system tools to execute malicious actions.
tehnika · execution
№ 016
Logging & Monitoring Logging and monitoring involves the systematic recording of activities and events on systems, networks, and applications, along with regular analysis of those records to detect anomalies and security incidents.
odbrana · monitoring / response
№ 024
MFA Fatigue MFA fatigue is social-engineering pressure applied to two-factor authentication. The attacker has the password, leaked or phished, but is stopped at the second factor — a confirmation the user has to approve on their phone. So the attacker starts the login over and over, burying the phone in approval requests. The arithmetic is simple: out of irritation, confusion, or the thought that it must be some glitch, the user approves one at some point — and the attacker is through the whole authentication.
pretnja · identity
№ 032
Microsegmentation Finer network division at workload or application level, not just VLANs.
odbrana · resilience
№ 073
Model theft / extraction Model theft and extraction means an attacker obtains a model an organization trained, bought or adapted to its own needs. That can be direct theft of the files, the weights and the configuration, but also controlled extraction through an API, where the model is queried enough times to build an approximate copy.
pretnja · AI / ML
№ 028
Network Sniffing Passively intercepting network traffic to collect sensitive data.
tehnika · discovery
№ 023
Pass-the-Hash So that it does not keep the password in readable form, Windows remembers its cryptographic fingerprint — the hash. With older Windows authentication (NTLM), the password is not required to prove identity; the hash is enough. Pass-the-hash abuses exactly that: if the attacker obtains a user's hash, they can log in with it without ever learning the real password.
pretnja · identity
№ 021
Pass-the-Hash Using NTLM hashes instead of plaintext passwords for authentication.
tehnika · privileges
№ 016
Password spraying Password spraying is brute force turned around. Instead of trying many passwords on one account, the attacker tries common passwords across many accounts. That avoids lockout, because each individual account sees only an attempt or two.
pretnja · identity
№ 071
Physical Access Attack Physical access is the oldest form of compromise: the attacker reaches the device, the room, a port, a cable or a piece of paper. Once somebody can sit down at a computer, walk up to a server, put a device into a port or carry a laptop away, digital protection no longer helps.
pretnja · physical / IoT
№ 031
Pretexting Pretexting is social engineering with a prepared story. The attacker does not simply send a link and wait for a click; they build a scenario in which what they are doing looks normal. They present themselves as a colleague, technical support, an auditor, a bank, a supplier, a courier or an official.
pretnja · social eng.
№ 018
Privilege Escalation Privilege escalation is a technique by which an attacker with limited access gains a higher level of authorization. Vertical escalation means reaching administrator or root level, while horizontal escalation means accessing another user's resources at the same privilege level.
tehnika · privileges
№ 020
Privilege Escalation Privilege escalation is the attempt by an attacker who already holds some level of access to widen their rights in order to move through the network. Escalation is rarely the first stage — it comes after entry through, say, an ordinary user account or a compromised service. It takes the attacker from the crack they slipped through to control of the whole system. There are two directions: vertical escalation, from an ordinary user to domain administrator, and horizontal, moving from one account to another user's resources at the same level of rights.
pretnja · identity
№ 061
Privilege Misuse Privilege misuse arises when somebody uses rights they genuinely hold for actions they have no business reason to take. Unlike privilege escalation, the attacker or insider here does not have to acquire new authority. The trouble is that the existing authority is enough to do damage.
pretnja · trust
№ 072
Prompt injection Prompt injection exploits the weakness of language models in telling an instruction apart from the content they are processing. When a model reads an email, a document, a page, a ticket or a message, the attacker can put text into that content which reads like an instruction.
pretnja · AI / ML
№ 025
Reconnaissance Reconnaissance involves the systematic gathering of information about the target environment, both externally before the attack and internally after compromise. The goal is to understand the topology, identify targets, and plan the next stages.
tehnika · discovery
№ 025
SIM Swapping SIM swapping does not attack the phone but the phone number. The attacker persuades, or bribes, a mobile operator to move the number to a new SIM card, citing a lost phone or a damaged card. They usually come armed with personal details from leaked databases and phishing. The moment the number moves to their card, the real phone loses signal and every call and message goes to the attacker.
pretnja · identity
№ 026
Secure Configuration Secure configuration involves applying established security baselines to all systems, services, and applications in an organization. The goal is to reduce the attack surface by eliminating unnecessary functions, default passwords, and insecure settings.
odbrana · resilience
№ 054
Service Abuse Service abuse uses legitimate functions of a system in an unforeseen way. The attacker does not have to find a classic vulnerability. It is enough to work out how a normal function can be automated, overloaded, or turned against the service and its users.
pretnja · availability
№ 033
Service Abuse Service abuse as a technique involves using legitimate system functionalities in unintended ways to cause damage, gain unauthorized access, or achieve financial gain.
tehnika · exfiltration / impact
№ 019
Session Hijacking When you log in, the service opens a session — a state that remembers you are you, together with everything that goes with it, such as your preferences and settings. The main benefit is that you do not have to type a password every few minutes as you move through the features. That session is marked by an identifier, usually held in a browser cookie. Session hijacking is the taking over of a session that is already open. The attacker does not attack the login; they slip into a session that has already passed authentication and carry on operating the service in your name.
pretnja · identity
№ 064
Shadow IT Shadow IT is the use of applications, cloud services, accounts and tools without the knowledge or approval of the IT team. Employees usually do not bring them in to cause a problem but to get the work done faster: a file needs sharing, a team needs a chat, marketing needs a tool, sales needs a PDF now.
pretnja · trust
№ 062
Shared Account Abuse Shared account abuse begins wherever several people use the same username and password. The system then no longer knows who actually did something. It knows only that a particular account was used, which for accountability is the same as knowing nothing.
pretnja · trust
№ 002
Social Engineering Social engineering as a technique involves manipulating human behavior to obtain information, access, or the execution of actions that benefit the attacker. It relies on trust, authority, urgency, or fear.
tehnika · initial access
№ 059
Third-Party Compromise Third-party compromise happens when the attacker does not go at an organization directly but at a supplier, a partner, a service provider or an external associate who already holds some form of trust and authorized access. Instead of forcing the front door, the attacker looks for a side entrance somebody else has already opened.
pretnja · trust
№ 018
Token Theft A token is proof that you have already logged in. When you sign in and confirm your identity with a second factor, the service issues a token, stored in the browser, which vouches that you have already been checked the next time round. The token is sent automatically with every further request, so you do not have to type the password again. Token theft is the taking of that proof. With it in hand, the attacker presents themselves as you — without your password and without the second factor, because both have already been approved.
pretnja · identity