166 terms ·
75/46/45
92 rezultata za „hygiene" ·
5 direktnih ·
87 povezanih
Pretnje
2 direktna pogotkaOdbrane
3 direktna pogotka-
№ 012
Password Manager Tool for generating, storing, and auto-filling strong, unique passwords.odbrana · identity / access
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№ 023
Patch Management Patch management is the process of identifying, testing, and applying software updates that fix known vulnerabilities. The goal is to reduce the time window in which an attacker can exploit a known weakness.odbrana · resilience
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№ 026
Secure Configuration Secure configuration involves applying established security baselines to all systems, services, and applications in an organization. The goal is to reduce the attack surface by eliminating unnecessary functions, default passwords, and insecure settings.odbrana · resilience
↳ Povezano
87 stavki koje koriste „hygiene"-
№ 042
API Abuse API abuse arises when an attacker uses a programming interface in a way the application did not anticipate or did not restrict enough. An API is not merely a technical add-on to the application. It is often the main entrance to the data, the users, the orders, the payments and the administration.pretnja · applications
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№ 020
Access Token Manipulation Token abuse involves stealing or manipulating authentication tokens, session cookies, or access keys to assume the identity of a legitimate user or service. The attacker can use a token without knowing the password.tehnika · privileges
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№ 065
Accidental Data Leak An accidental data leak is not an attack in the classic sense, but the consequences can look the same. Data becomes available to the wrong people through human error, bad configuration, wrong sharing, a public repository, open cloud storage, or mail sent to the wrong address.pretnja · trust
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№ 021
Account Takeover Account takeover is the moment the attacker gains full control of an account — not only access, but the ability to change the password, the recovery mail address, the phone number and the second factor, while the real owner is shut out with no technical way back in on their own. Takeover is rarely the first stage of an attack. It is usually the destination of what came before: phishing, credential stuffing, token theft.pretnja · identity
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№ 043
Authentication Bypass An authentication bypass means the attacker reaches a protected part of the system without logging in the ordinary way. They need not know a password. Sometimes a flaw in the logic is enough, or an unprotected endpoint, a predictable token, a misconfigured proxy, or a gap between two steps of the login.pretnja · applications
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№ 027
Automation & Scripting Automation and scripting involves using scripts, tools, and automated procedures to accelerate and scale activities within a compromised environment. Attackers leverage system scripting interpreters, configuration management tools, and custom scripts.tehnika · discovery
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№ 056
BGP Hijacking BGP hijacking is an attack, or a serious mistake, in which internet traffic is diverted by wrong routing. BGP is the protocol by which autonomous systems on the internet tell each other which path leads to particular IP ranges. If somebody announces another party's range as their own, part of the internet can believe them.pretnja · availability
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№ 006
Backdoor A backdoor is a hidden way in. Once placed or opened, it lets the attacker return to the machine — with no password, no authorization and no entry in the ordinary records. A backdoor can be opened by malware while it runs, but it can equally be a user account nobody watches, or web shell access left on a server.pretnja · malware
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№ 004
Brute Force Brute force as a technique involves the systematic testing of a large number of credential combinations to gain unauthorized access. It includes classic exhaustive testing, dictionary attacks with common passwords, and password spraying.tehnika · initial access
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№ 015
Brute-force attack A brute-force attack breaks into an account by trying to log in over and over: automated tools work through password after password until one takes. It succeeds against short, weak and common passwords, and against systems that put no limit on failed attempts. It is not clever — it is only fast, and it can run for days.pretnja · identity
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№ 075
Cloud IAM misconfiguration Cloud IAM misconfiguration means a user, a service account, an application or a role holds more rights than it needs. In the cloud an identity is not merely a login. An identity is permission to read data, spin up resources, change networks, assume roles and delete backups.pretnja · cloud
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№ 074
Cloud storage exposure Cloud storage exposure arises when data that ought to be private becomes publicly reachable through a bad configuration of a cloud service. That can be S3 buckets, blob storage, backups, logs, documents, images, database exports or configuration files.pretnja · cloud
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№ 039
Command & Control Command and control communication involves establishing a persistent channel between the attacker and the compromised system for sending commands and receiving results. The attacker uses this channel to manage malware, launch new attack phases, and retrieve data.tehnika · C2
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№ 026
Configuration Abuse Configuration abuse involves exploiting misconfigured systems, services, or security controls. Attackers look for default passwords, overly broad permissions, open ports, and services without authentication.tehnika · discovery
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№ 023
Container Escape Containers are meant to isolate an application from the host and from other containers. Container escape is when an attacker controlling a process inside a container breaks that isolation and reaches the host (or other containers). From an application-level foothold they get host-level reach.tehnika · privileges
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№ 003
Credential Abuse Credential abuse involves using stolen, leaked, or otherwise obtained login data to gain unauthorized access to systems and services. The attacker impersonates a legitimate user.tehnika · initial access
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№ 017
Credential stuffing Credential stuffing does not go after unknown passwords; it tries known ones. With username and password pairs from databases leaked across the internet, the attacker tries the most-used services such as Facebook and Instagram, counting on people reusing the same credentials on several services — which in most cases holds.pretnja · identity
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№ 041
Cross-Site Request Forgery Cross-site request forgery, or CSRF, exploits the fact that a browser automatically sends existing session cookies to a site where the user is already logged in. The attacker does not need to know the password. It is enough to lead the user down the wrong path.pretnja · applications
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№ 040
Cross-Site Scripting Cross-site scripting, better known as XSS, arises when a web application allows somebody else's script to be displayed and executed in the user's browser. The attacker does not have to break into the web server. It is enough for their code to end up in a page the victim opens as though it were entirely legitimate.pretnja · applications
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№ 013
Cryptominer A cryptominer steals what we rarely think of as a target: our computing power and our electricity. In the background it uses our processors and graphics cards to mine cryptocurrency for the attacker while we pay the bill. It has no interest in our data, only in our resources and how much of them there is.pretnja · malware
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№ 028
DDoS Protection DDoS protection encompasses technologies and services that detect and mitigate distributed denial-of-service attacks before malicious traffic reaches or overwhelms the target infrastructure.odbrana · resilience
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№ 016
DLL Sideloading Technique of loading a malicious DLL through a legitimate program that requests it.tehnika · execution
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№ 051
DNS Amplification DNS amplification is a reflected DDoS attack in which the attacker uses open DNS resolvers to multiply the traffic aimed at a victim. The attacker sends relatively small DNS queries but forges the victim's address as the source.pretnja · availability
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№ 057
DNS Poisoning DNS poisoning is an attack in which a user or a resolver is given a false answer for a domain. The result is that the user types a familiar address into the browser and DNS takes them to the wrong web server. On paper the name is the same. In reality the road leads somewhere else.pretnja · availability
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№ 029
DNS Security DNS security encompasses technologies that protect DNS infrastructure and use DNS traffic as a control point for blocking access to malicious domains and detecting suspicious communications.odbrana · resilience
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№ 031
Data Exfiltration Data exfiltration involves transferring stolen information from the compromised environment to an attacker-controlled location. Data can be sent through encrypted channels, legitimate cloud services, email, or even physical media.tehnika · exfiltration / impact
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№ 050
Denial of Service / DoS DoS is a denial-of-service attack that tries to bring a service down or slow it so far that legitimate users can no longer use it. Unlike DDoS it need not come from a large network of compromised devices. Sometimes one source and a well-chosen vulnerability are enough.pretnja · availability
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№ 048
Dependency Confusion Dependency confusion is an attack on the process by which software build platforms find and deliver software dependencies. An attacker can publish a package on a public registry with the same name as an organization's internal package, or with the name of another public and valid package, counting on the fetching tool choosing their version over the real one.pretnja · applications
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№ 029
Domain Account Discovery Mapping users, groups, permissions, and Active Directory structure.tehnika · discovery
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№ 007
Drive-by Download Drive-by download is automatic malware download when visiting a compromised site.tehnika · initial access
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№ 042
Encrypted C2 Channels Using HTTPS, DNS-over-HTTPS, or other encrypted protocols for C2.tehnika · C2
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№ 010
Exploitation Exploitation involves leveraging a flaw in software, hardware, or configuration to execute unauthorized code or bypass security controls. Vulnerabilities can exist in operating systems, applications, network services, or firmware.tehnika · execution
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№ 041
Fast-Flux DNS Rapid rotation of IP addresses associated with a C2 domain.tehnika · C2
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№ 011
Fileless malware Fileless malware never writes itself to disk during the attack, so antivirus software has a harder time finding it. While it operates it lives in memory and works with tools the system already has — PowerShell, scripts, built-in commands. Because it delivers its payload through legitimate tools, its activity is not easy to tell apart from normal work.pretnja · malware
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№ 035
Firewall A firewall is a control placed at the boundary between networks that permits or blocks traffic according to predefined rules — deciding who may talk to whom, on which ports and protocols.odbrana · resilience
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№ 022
Forge Kerberos Tickets A set of techniques exploiting the Kerberos protocol in Active Directory.tehnika · privileges
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№ 022
IDS/IPS IDS/IPS are systems that monitor network traffic (or host activity) for patterns indicating an attack. An IDS (Intrusion Detection System) only reports suspicious activity; an IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) sits inline and can block it immediately.odbrana · monitoring / response
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№ 014
In-Memory Execution Executing malicious code in memory without writing files to disk.tehnika · execution
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№ 012
Infostealer An infostealer has one basic role: to collect your credentials. Saved browser passwords, cookies and session tokens, autofill data, crypto wallet keys — all of it is of interest. It stays in contact with the attacker and sends on what it gathers. When the job is done it can delete itself and disappear.pretnja · malware
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№ 046
Insecure Deserialization Deserialization is the return of a packed object into a form the application can use. The problem arises when an application accepts an object from an untrusted source and handles it as though it were safe. At that point the attacker is not sending mere data but a specially prepared structure that can change the flow of execution.pretnja · applications
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№ 067
IoT Device Compromise IoT device compromise hits cameras, routers, sensors, smart televisions, locks, controllers and all the equipment connected to a network that does not behave like a classic computer. The problem is that these devices are often forgotten the moment they are switched on.pretnja · physical / IoT
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№ 022
Kerberoasting Kerberoasting is an attack specific to Windows domain networks and Active Directory (AD). User logins are handled by the Kerberos protocol, which issues tickets as proof of identity. In a domain environment there are non-user accounts — service accounts — under which most background tasks and services run, such as databases and business applications. Service accounts are set up so that any user can request a ticket for access to a given service. The catch is that the ticket is encrypted with the service account's password.pretnja · identity
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№ 004
Keylogger A keylogger is a program or hardware device that records every keystroke. Software keyloggers run covertly in the background, while hardware variants can be physically attached between the keyboard and the computer.pretnja · malware
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№ 015
Living off the Land Using legitimate system tools to execute malicious actions.tehnika · execution
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№ 043
Log Tampering Deleting, modifying, or disabling logs to hide activity.tehnika · evasion
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№ 016
Logging & Monitoring Logging and monitoring involves the systematic recording of activities and events on systems, networks, and applications, along with regular analysis of those records to detect anomalies and security incidents.odbrana · monitoring / response
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№ 032
Malvertising Malvertising uses ad networks as a delivery channel for attacks. The user does not have to be on a dubious site; a malicious advert can appear on a legitimate portal too, because ad space often arrives through several intermediaries.pretnja · social eng.
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№ 038
Malware Delivery Malware delivery encompasses the methods by which malicious software is transferred to a target system. This includes infected attachments, compromised websites, malicious ads, removable media, and compromised software updates.tehnika · C2
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№ 073
Model theft / extraction Model theft and extraction means an attacker obtains a model an organization trained, bought or adapted to its own needs. That can be direct theft of the files, the weights and the configuration, but also controlled extraction through an API, where the model is queried enough times to build an approximate copy.pretnja · AI / ML
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№ 025
Network Segmentation Network segmentation is the practice of dividing network infrastructure into smaller, isolated segments with controlled communication between them. The goal is to limit an attacker's ability to move through the network after compromising a single system.odbrana · resilience
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№ 030
OSINT Gathering information about targets from publicly available sources before an attack.tehnika · discovery
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№ 016
Password spraying Password spraying is brute force turned around. Instead of trying many passwords on one account, the attacker tries common passwords across many accounts. That avoids lockout, because each individual account sees only an attempt or two.pretnja · identity
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№ 047
Path Traversal Path traversal is an attack in which the attacker tries to step out of the permitted directory and reach files the application should never display. The best-known pattern is a sequence such as `../`, which walks the path back up the file system level by level.pretnja · applications
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№ 045
Penetration Testing Simulation of real attacks to identify vulnerabilities that automated tools miss.odbrana · governance
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№ 011
Persistence Persistence encompasses techniques by which an attacker ensures their access or malicious code survives system reboots, password changes, or other interruptions. The goal is to maintain a foothold in the environment over an extended period.tehnika · execution
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№ 001
Phishing Phishing as a technique involves sending fraudulent emails, SMS messages, or chat messages to trick the victim into clicking a malicious link, opening an infected attachment, or entering credentials on a fake page.tehnika · initial access
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№ 008
Physical Access Using physical access to a device or space as an attack vector.tehnika · initial access
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№ 071
Physical Access Attack Physical access is the oldest form of compromise: the attacker reaches the device, the room, a port, a cable or a piece of paper. Once somebody can sit down at a computer, walk up to a server, put a device into a port or carry a laptop away, digital protection no longer helps.pretnja · physical / IoT
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№ 020
Privilege Escalation Privilege escalation is the attempt by an attacker who already holds some level of access to widen their rights in order to move through the network. Escalation is rarely the first stage — it comes after entry through, say, an ordinary user account or a compromised service. It takes the attacker from the crack they slipped through to control of the whole system. There are two directions: vertical escalation, from an ordinary user to domain administrator, and horizontal, moving from one account to another user's resources at the same level of rights.pretnja · identity
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№ 018
Privilege Escalation Privilege escalation is a technique by which an attacker with limited access gains a higher level of authorization. Vertical escalation means reaching administrator or root level, while horizontal escalation means accessing another user's resources at the same privilege level.tehnika · privileges
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№ 072
Prompt injection Prompt injection exploits the weakness of language models in telling an instruction apart from the content they are processing. When a model reads an email, a document, a page, a ticket or a message, the attacker can put text into that content which reads like an instruction.pretnja · AI / ML
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№ 001
Ransomware Ransomware locks a company's data and demands payment to release it. The ransom is asked in cryptocurrency because it makes the money harder to follow — which is exactly why attackers use it.pretnja · malware
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№ 038
Remote Code Execution Remote code execution is one of the most dangerous classes of vulnerability, because it lets an attacker run their own code on a vulnerable system from somewhere else entirely. If the application runs on a server, the attacker is no longer merely a user on the outside; they gain a way to influence what the server executes.pretnja · applications
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№ 052
Resource Exhaustion Resource exhaustion targets what a system cannot work without: processor, memory, disk, network connections, threads, the database or processing queues. The aim is not necessarily to send enormous traffic but to make the system spend what it has.pretnja · availability
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№ 032
Resource Exhaustion Resource exhaustion as a technique involves deliberately overloading target systems to make them unavailable to legitimate users. The attacker targets CPU, memory, network bandwidth, disk, or connection limits.tehnika · exfiltration / impact
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№ 010
Rootkit A rootkit is hard to see, and that is its most important property. It can settle beneath the operating system and beneath the layer where antivirus software can look: sometimes in drivers or in the kernel, out of reach of protective mechanisms, sometimes in the boot phase, even in the motherboard firmware. From there it hides itself and everything else the attacker does, so an infected system looks perfectly clean.pretnja · malware
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№ 017
Rootkit Installation Technique of installing a rootkit to deeply hide presence on a system.tehnika · execution
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№ 070
SCADA/OT Attack An attack on SCADA and OT systems targets industrial processes, not only data. These are the systems that run manufacturing, energy, water, transport, buildings, sensors, PLC controllers and HMI stations. When such a system stops or starts working wrongly, the consequences can be fatal.pretnja · physical / IoT
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№ 045
SSRF SSRF is a vulnerability in which the attacker gets a web server to send a request to an address of the attacker's choosing. The distinction matters: the request is not sent by the user's browser but by the server. That opens the door to internal services which from the outside ought to remain invisible.pretnja · applications
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№ 054
Service Abuse Service abuse uses legitimate functions of a system in an unforeseen way. The attacker does not have to find a classic vulnerability. It is enough to work out how a normal function can be automated, overloaded, or turned against the service and its users.pretnja · availability
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№ 033
Service Abuse Service abuse as a technique involves using legitimate system functionalities in unintended ways to cause damage, gain unauthorized access, or achieve financial gain.tehnika · exfiltration / impact
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№ 019
Session Hijacking When you log in, the service opens a session — a state that remembers you are you, together with everything that goes with it, such as your preferences and settings. The main benefit is that you do not have to type a password every few minutes as you move through the features. That session is marked by an identifier, usually held in a browser cookie. Session hijacking is the taking over of a session that is already open. The attacker does not attack the login; they slip into a session that has already passed authentication and carry on operating the service in your name.pretnja · identity
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№ 064
Shadow IT Shadow IT is the use of applications, cloud services, accounts and tools without the knowledge or approval of the IT team. Employees usually do not bring them in to cause a problem but to get the work done faster: a file needs sharing, a team needs a chat, marketing needs a tool, sales needs a PDF now.pretnja · trust
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№ 062
Shared Account Abuse Shared account abuse begins wherever several people use the same username and password. The system then no longer knows who actually did something. It knows only that a particular account was used, which for accountability is the same as knowing nothing.pretnja · trust
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№ 003
Spyware Spyware watches the user and what they do. Hidden, it can spend months collecting what you type, what is on your screen, where you are, who calls you, and what you say through the microphone and camera. The point is not damage to the device but a record of the person, which can later be turned to any number of uses.pretnja · malware
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№ 060
Supply Chain Attack A supply chain attack does not always aim at the final victim directly. The attacker compromises software, hardware, a supplier, a build process or an update mechanism before the product or service reaches the user. The victim then carries the problem into their own environment, because it comes from a source they trust.pretnja · trust
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№ 006
Supply Chain Compromise Technique of injecting malicious code into the software supply chain.tehnika · initial access
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№ 018
Token Theft A token is proof that you have already logged in. When you sign in and confirm your identity with a second factor, the service issues a token, stored in the browser, which vouches that you have already been checked the next time round. The token is sent automatically with every further request, so you do not have to type the password again. Token theft is the taking of that proof. With it in hand, the attacker presents themselves as you — without your password and without the second factor, because both have already been approved.pretnja · identity
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№ 002
Trojan A Trojan does not break in; the victim opens the door. It usually presents itself as something useful — a program or a document, a fake installer, a cracked application, or a harmless-looking tool for speeding up the computer. The user runs what they meant to run, and the attacker gets what they were after.pretnja · malware
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№ 069
USB Drop Attack A USB drop attack uses human curiosity and the habit of plugging an unknown device into a computer to see what is on it. The attacker leaves a USB stick or device where an employee will notice it: a car park, a corridor, a reception desk, a meeting room, a bag of promotional material.pretnja · physical / IoT
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№ 044
Vulnerability Management Continuous process of discovering, classifying, prioritizing, and remediating vulnerabilities.odbrana · governance
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№ 027
WAF WAF (Web Application Firewall) is a firewall that filters, monitors, and blocks HTTP/HTTPS traffic to web applications. It sits between users and the web server, analyzing each request against defined rules.odbrana · resilience
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№ 005
Watering Hole Technique of compromising websites that the target group regularly visits.tehnika · initial access
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№ 036
Watering Hole Attack A watering hole attack does not chase the victim directly. The attacker first finds a site the target group visits regularly, then compromises that site or the content loaded through it. The victim then comes to the place of the attack on their own, doing what they normally do.pretnja · social eng.
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№ 035
Website Defacement Unauthorized modification of website content to send a message.tehnika · exfiltration / impact
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№ 008
Worm A worm spreads on its own. Unlike a virus it needs no host file and no click from the user — once it is on one machine it immediately looks for the next, and the next, and thousands of devices can be infected within minutes. Replication is its purpose, speed is its weapon, and whatever it carries is the real threat.pretnja · malware
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№ 044
Zero-Day Exploitation Zero-day exploitation uses a vulnerability for which the vendor has no patch yet, or does not know exists. The name says how much time the defense had to prepare: zero days. In practice a victim can be doing everything right, keeping systems and applications up to date, and still be exposed.pretnja · applications